Expression of the interferon-induced MxA protein in viral encephalitis

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
J B LampeA Aguzzi

Abstract

MxA protein accumulates cytoplasmically in response to interferon stimulation, and mediates resistance against several viruses. In order to test whether MxA may serve as a diagnostic tool for viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS), we performed MxA immunohistochemistry on biopsies and autopsies of 57 patients with neurological disorders of known viral and nonviral aetiology. MxA was detectable in all HIV patients with proven opportunistic viral encephalitis, in all patients suffering from isolated viral encephalitis, in one of three HIV patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, and in one case of micronodular encephalitis. No MxA was detectable in HIV patients with isolated HIV encephalitis or HIV infection accompanied by an opportunistic nonviral disorder. We were unable to show MxA expression in a variety of nonviral inflammatory and noninflammatory disorders of the CNS. Several cases of Rasmussen's encephalitis and multiple sclerosis tested negative, arguing against their possible viral aetiology. Two-colour immunohistochemistry identified macrophages and activated microglia as MxA expressing cells. In all studied cases MxA expression was accompanied by a marked T-cell infiltrate. Therefore, the detection of MxA-pr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 15, 2010·Medical Microbiology and Immunology·Dajana Reuter, Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies
Oct 10, 2012·The Pharmacogenomics Journal·V Foti CuzzolaS Marino
Feb 25, 2009·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·A N Al-MasriG F Walter
Oct 19, 2004·Trends in Immunology·John D MacMicking
Jun 21, 2007·Diabetes·Jan A EhsesMarc Y Donath
Nov 14, 2006·Veterinary Pathology·B F PorterR W Storts
Nov 1, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Gia-Gia T HòChristina Bade-Doeding

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