Extending Theory-Based Quantitative Predictions to New Health Behaviors

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Leslie Ann D BrickJames O Prochaska

Abstract

Traditional null hypothesis significance testing suffers many limitations and is poorly adapted to theory testing. A proposed alternative approach, called Testing Theory-based Quantitative Predictions, uses effect size estimates and confidence intervals to directly test predictions based on theory. This paper replicates findings from previous smoking studies and extends the approach to diet and sun protection behaviors using baseline data from a Transtheoretical Model behavioral intervention (N = 5407). Effect size predictions were developed using two methods: (1) applying refined effect size estimates from previous smoking research or (2) using predictions developed by an expert panel. Thirteen of 15 predictions were confirmed for smoking. For diet, 7 of 14 predictions were confirmed using smoking predictions and 6 of 16 using expert panel predictions. For sun protection, 3 of 11 predictions were confirmed using smoking predictions and 5 of 19 using expert panel predictions. Expert panel predictions and smoking-based predictions poorly predicted effect sizes for diet and sun protection constructs. Future studies should aim to use previous empirical data to generate predictions whenever possible. The best results occur when the...Continue Reading

References

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Feb 5, 2008·Preventive Medicine·Kara L Hall, Joseph S Rossi
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Oct 1, 2008·Applied Psychology = Psychologie Appliquée·Wayne F VelicerJanet Johnson
Jul 15, 2015·International Journal of Behavioral Medicine·Miryam YusufovJames O Prochaska
Mar 1, 2013·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Wayne F VelicerJames O Prochaska

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Citations

Feb 23, 2020·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Lisa L HarlowStephen G West

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