External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
W Thomas GregoryAmanda L Clark

Abstract

Significant nerve injury to a muscle can be associated with muscle atrophy and volume loss. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound can measure muscle volume, but the reproducibility of the technique has not been established for the anal sphincter. Using a 10 MHz 360-degree rotating endoanal probe, we performed 3D endoanal ultrasounds on 9 nulliparous and 23 asymptomatic primiparous subjects at 12 weeks' postpartum. Two blinded examiners measured the length of the external anal sphincter (EAS) from a midsagittal image, and the width of the EAS and internal anal sphincter (IAS) from axial images at mid anal canal. The EAS volume was calculated by repetitively outlining only the EAS in each sequential axial view. Both examiners measured the EAS volumes twice, blinded to previous calculations. The intrarater reliability for EAS volume was 0.79 to 0.89 (intraclass coefficient). The mean difference of the EAS volume between the 2 examiners was 0.5 mL (P = .3, t test). Correlation between the 2 examiners for measuring EAS volume was r = 0.77 (P < .001, Pearson's). The "limits of agreement" (between 2 examiners) varied by as much as 40% of the mean volume. Quantitative 3D ultrasound of the anal sphincter is moderately reproducible.

Associated Clinical Trials

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Aug 5, 2004·Obstetrics and Gynecology·W Thomas GregoryAmanda L Clark
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Oct 7, 2004·Muscle & Nerve·W Thomas GregoryJau-Shin Lou

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Citations

Mar 21, 2007·International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction·Yvonne HsuJohn O L DeLancey
Jan 10, 2012·La Radiologia medica·A ReginelliR Grassi
Mar 21, 2012·Colorectal Disease : the Official Journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·S M Murad-RegadasF S P Regadas Filho
Aug 17, 2011·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·Yasser RehmanRagnhild Emblem
Mar 12, 2011·Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology·Isabelle Etienney, Vincent de Parades
Feb 22, 2011·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·I P OlsenT Kiserud
May 6, 2008·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·W Thomas GregoryAmanda L Clark
Dec 17, 2008·Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Richelle J F Felt-Bersma
Jul 24, 2020·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Stig NordervalRowan J Collinson

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