Externally provoked freezing of gait in open runways in advanced Parkinson's disease results from motor and mental collapse.

Journal of Neural Transmission
C MoreauP Krystkowiak

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a sudden inability to maintain effective stepping movements. However, its pathophysiology remains unclear. The objectives are: (1) To assess the contribution of both spatial (walking speed, stride length) and temporal parameters (cadence, stride time) and their coefficients of variation to the genesis of FOG in PD. (2) To evaluate whether and how externally imposed modifications of self-determined gait would elicit FOG. We included ten patients with advanced PD, and with daily off drug FOG episodes. We focused on walking in an open runway. For each subject, we manipulated gait by externally imposing four changes in walking speed and four changes in cadence. FOG episodes, often with a long duration of more than 5-s, were observed mostly under conditions with a high imposed cadence. The steps that immediately preceded these episodes were mainly characterized by an increase in cadence and an increase in stride length variability. The results also underscore that FOG can be elicited in a laboratory setting when patients are placed under considerable strain, at least in advanced stages of PD. Patients were unable to adequately negotiate the extreme imposed cadence cond...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 25, 2008·Experimental Brain Research·Pablo Arias, Javier Cudeiro
Jan 19, 2013·Journal of Neural Transmission·Elke HeremansS Vercruysse
Feb 15, 2013·Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation·Steven T MooreSimon J G Lewis
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