Extracellular vesicles are increased in the serum of children with autism spectrum disorder, contain mitochondrial DNA, and stimulate human microglia to secrete IL-1β

Journal of Neuroinflammation
I Tsilioni, Theoharis C Theoharides

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with brain inflammation as indicated by the activation of microglia, but the triggers are not known. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many cells in the blood and other biological fluids and carry molecules that could influence the function of target cells. EVs have been recently implicated in several diseases, but their presence or function in ASD has not been studied. EVs were isolated from the serum of children with ASD (n = 20, 16 males and 4 females, 4-12 years old) and unrelated age and sex-matched normotypic controls (n = 8, 6 males and 2 females, 4-12 years old) using the exoEasy Qiagen kit. EVs were characterized by determining the CD9 and CD81 membrane-associated markers with Western blot analysis, while their morphology and size were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Human microglia SV40 were cultured for 24 h and then stimulated with EVs (1 or 5 μg/mL), quantitated as total EV-associated protein, for 24 or 48 h. IL-1β secretion was measured by ELISA. The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test, and all statistical analyses were performed using Graph Pad Prism 5. EVs were isolated and shown to be spherical str...Continue Reading

References

Feb 26, 2004·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·L Vincent CollinsAndrej Tarkowski
Nov 17, 2004·Annals of Neurology·Diana L VargasCarlos A Pardo
Apr 17, 2008·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Brett S Abrahams, Daniel H Geschwind
Jul 9, 2008·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·Theoharis C TheoharidesDimitris Kalogeromitros
Feb 17, 2009·Pediatric Research·Eric Fombonne
Jun 6, 2009·Expert Review of Proteomics·Richard J SimpsonSuresh Mathivanan
Aug 15, 2009·Journal of Neural Transmission·Michele GuesciniLuigi Francesco Agnati
Jul 21, 2010·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Margaret L Bauman
Aug 25, 2010·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Asimenia AngelidouTheoharis C Theoharides
Nov 19, 2010·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Bodi ZhangTheoharis C Theoharides
Oct 21, 2011·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Saraswathi Ramachandran, Viswanathan Palanisamy
Apr 21, 2012·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Stephen D SkaperLaura Facci
May 23, 2012·Handbook of Clinical Neurology·James McPartland, Fred R Volkmar
Aug 10, 2012·Neuron Glia Biology·Juan I Rodriguez, Janet K Kern
Sep 4, 2013·Molecular Neurobiology·Anuradha KalaniNeetu Tyagi
Oct 1, 2013·Lancet·Meng-Chuan LaiSimon Baron-Cohen
Oct 8, 2013·Psychopharmacology·Barbara RuggeriAntonio M Persico
Feb 13, 2014·Translational Psychiatry·D A RossignolR E Frye
Feb 26, 2014·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Paul D Robbins, Adrian E Morelli
Jun 10, 2014·Clinical Therapeutics·Yu FujitaTakahiro Ochiya
Dec 3, 2014·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·A Jeremy Willsey, Matthew W State
Feb 3, 2015·Trends in Cell Biology·Sivapriya K VanajaKatherine A Fitzgerald
Apr 22, 2015·Lancet Neurology·Daniel H Geschwind, Matthew W State
May 23, 2015·Developmental Neuroscience·Tomoyuki Takano
Jun 28, 2015·Neuroscience Research·Ryuta Koyama, Yuji Ikegaya
Jul 18, 2015·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·J Paul Leigh, Juan Du
Jul 21, 2015·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Myka L Estes, A Kimberley McAllister
Oct 4, 2015·Trends in Immunology·Antoine LouveauJonathan Kipnis
Nov 5, 2015·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Chiara PorroMaria Antonietta Panaro
Nov 12, 2015·Autoimmunity Reviews·Delphine TurpinPierre Duffau
Jan 3, 2016·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Vo Van Giau, Seong Soo A An
Apr 7, 2016·Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology·Xiang ZhangShu Zhang
Nov 3, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Arti B PatelTheoharis C Theoharides
Mar 16, 2017·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Alok KumarAlan I Faden
Apr 8, 2017·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Igor SelmajKrzysztof W Selmaj
Jul 6, 2017·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Francesco GirolamoDomenico Ribatti
Sep 16, 2017·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Junichi MatsumotoJing Zhang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 14, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·María PascualConsuelo Guerri
Feb 9, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Nicola AlessioDario Siniscalco
Feb 8, 2020·Science·Raghu Kalluri, Valerie S LeBleu
Dec 1, 2018·The New England Journal of Medicine·Javier Riancho, Pascual Sánchez-Juan
Aug 21, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Theoharis C TheoharidesMona Bawazeer
Aug 1, 2019·Cells·Robert A BarclayFatah Kashanchi
Jul 29, 2020·Cell Death & Disease·Ethan Z Malkin, Scott V Bratman
Aug 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Luigi CitrignoAntonio Cerasa
Mar 30, 2019·Translational Psychiatry·Saumeh SaeediGustavo Turecki
Oct 9, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Irene TsilioniTheoharis C Theoharides
Jun 20, 2020·DNA and Cell Biology·Xiulin ChangZhibiao Wang
Jul 1, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Irene TsilioniTheoharis C Theoharides
Aug 20, 2020·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Barbora KonečnáGabriela Repiská
Dec 12, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Kyoung Mi KimMyriam Gorospe
Dec 17, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ana Rita GomesChris P Reutelingsperger
Apr 8, 2021·Cell Death & Disease·Yaodan ZhangQiang Zhang
Apr 24, 2021·Brain and Neuroscience Advances·Jonathan Davis, Erik Mire
Mar 15, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease·Perla Pérez-TreviñoNoemí García
Jun 3, 2021·Biomolecules·Inês Dinis AiresAna Raquel Santiago
Jun 29, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Fanny A Pelissier VatterDavid Lyden
Jul 6, 2021·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Rahul MittalAdrien A Eshraghi
Nov 2, 2021·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Deepika Delsa DeanAmbreen Asim
Nov 10, 2021·Experimental Neurology·Alexander R GallLauren L Jantzie

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
blood draw
ELISA
PCR
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autism

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and often accompanied by sensory sensitivities and medical issues. Here is the latest research on autism.