Extracellular Vesicles Shed By Trypanosoma cruzi Potentiate Infection and Elicit Lipid Body Formation and PGE2 Production in Murine Macrophages

Frontiers in Immunology
Maria Isabel Lovo-MartinsPhileno Pinge-Filho

Abstract

During the onset of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, an effective immune response is necessary to control parasite replication and ensure host survival. Macrophages have a central role in innate immunity, acting as an important trypanocidal cell and triggering the adaptive immune response through antigen presentation and cytokine production. However, T. cruzi displays immune evasion mechanisms that allow infection and replication in macrophages, favoring its chronic persistence. One potential mechanism is the release of T. cruzi strain Y extracellular vesicle (EV Y), which participate in intracellular communication by carrying functional molecules that signal host cells and can modulate the immune response. The present work aimed to evaluate immune modulation by EV Y in C57BL/6 mice, a prototype resistant to infection by T. cruzi strain Y, and the effects of direct EV Y stimulation of macrophages in vitro. EV Y inoculation in mice prior to T. cruzi infection resulted in increased parasitemia, elevated cardiac parasitism, decreased plasma nitric oxide (NO), reduced NO production by spleen cells, and modulation of cytokine production, with a reduction in TNF-α in plasma and decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6 by spleen cells from ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 15, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Joshua Seun Olajide, Jianping Cai
Mar 20, 2019·Journal of Cell Science·Adela S Oliva ChávezJoao H F Pedra
Feb 23, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Kehinde Adebayo BabatundePierre-Yves Mantel
Oct 30, 2020·ELife·Anya J O'NealJoao Hf Pedra
Oct 28, 2019·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Qiang CaiHailing Jin
Nov 17, 2019·Trends in Immunology·Valentina Guerrini, Maria Laura Gennaro
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Javier UrquizaJorge Quarleri
Jan 1, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Ana Claudia TorrecilhasMartin Olivier
Feb 19, 2021·Molecular Immunology·Izadora Volpato RossiMarcel Ivan Ramirez
Mar 23, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Gabriel Ferri, Martin M Edreira
Sep 23, 2020·Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology·Leigh-Ann Booth, Terry K Smith
Nov 2, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Nadjania Saraiva de Lira SilvaRenato Arruda Mortara

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
lavage
flow cytometry
ELISA

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Graph Pad Prism
FlowJo
Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis ( NTA )
Prism
GraphPad Prism

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