Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence and risk factors

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
Miho KandaMasao Omata

Abstract

Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of growing importance as the survival of patients has been improved owing to advances in treatments to intrahepatic lesions. To elucidate the incidence and risk factors of extrahepatic metastasis of HCC, we enrolled 1573 (1131 treatment-naïve and 442 previously treated on referral) patients with HCC without extrahepatic tumour spread treated at the authors' department between 1990 and 2003. Patients received medical treatment including percutaneous ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and followed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tumour markers every 3-4 months. Extrahepatic metastasis was diagnosed by plain X-ray, CT, MRI and scintigraphy. Clinical parameters at the time of treatment to intrahepatic lesions were evaluated as a predictor of subsequent extrahepatic metastasis among the 1131 treatment-naïve patients by Cox's proportional hazard model. During the average observation period of 3.9 years, extrahepatic metastasis was diagnosed in 123 in the treatment-naïve and 53 in the patients treated previously. The incidence rate of extrahepatic metastasis, as detected during the lifetime after medical treatme...Continue Reading

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