Extreme enhancement or depletion of serotonin transporter function and serotonin availability in autism spectrum disorder

Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society
Valentina R GarbarinoGeorgianna G Gould

Abstract

A variety of human and animal studies support the hypothesis that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) system dysfunction is a contributing factor to the development of autism in some patients. However, many questions remain about how developmental manipulation of various components that influence 5-HT signaling (5-HT synthesis, transport, metabolism) persistently impair social behaviors. This review will summarize key aspects of central 5-HT function important for normal brain development, and review evidence implicating perinatal disruptions in 5-HT signaling in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. We discuss the importance, and relative dearth, of studies that explore the possible correlation to autism in the interactions between important intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may disrupt 5-HT homeostasis during development. In particular, we focus on exposure to 5-HT transport altering mechanisms such as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or genetic polymorphisms in primary or auxiliary transporters of 5-HT, and how they relate to neurological stores of serotonin and its precursors. A deeper understanding of the many mechanisms by which 5-HT signaling can be disrupted, alone and in concert, may contribute...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 17, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Marianna CrispinoCarla Perrone-Capano
Sep 5, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Lauren Rylaarsdam, Alicia Guemez-Gamboa
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Sep 11, 2020·Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice·Pei-Yin PanUlf Jonsson
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Jan 1, 2020·Scientific Reports·Joanna GolebiowskaAgnieszka Nikiforuk
Sep 10, 2020·Brain Sciences·Luigi Vetri
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