Eye-movements and ERPs reveal the time course of processing negation and remitting counterfactual worlds

Brain Research
Heather J FergusonHartmut Leuthold

Abstract

The ability to update our current knowledge using contextual information is a vital process during every-day language comprehension. To understand a negated statement, readers are required to cancel real-world expectations, but are not explicitly provided with an alternative model. Thus, the question of how and when a negative context influences interpretation of later events arises. We report one eye-movement study (Exp. 1) and one ERP study (Exp. 2) investigating the effects of negation on discourse processing. Prior context depicted a real-world (RW), or negated-world (NW), while the second sentence was manipulated to create RW anomalous continuations, where events included a violation of RW knowledge, and RW-congruent continuations, where the events described were congruent with RW knowledge. Results from Experiment 1 showed that the negated discourse context did not influence initial processing of the target sentence, as reflected in participants' eye-movement behaviour. Similarly, Experiment 2 revealed that the typical N400 effect to semantic violations has not been reversed by introducing a negated-world context. However, in later processing, Experiment 1 demonstrated that the negated-world context is eventually incorpor...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 9, 2012·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Heather J Ferguson
Nov 29, 2012·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Heather J FergusonJulien Leblond
Aug 12, 2016·Language and Linguistics Compass·Eugenia Kulakova, Mante S Nieuwland
Sep 24, 2015·Annual Review of Psychology·Ruth M J Byrne
Jul 20, 2010·Journal of Memory and Language·Thomas P Urbach, Marta Kutas
Dec 5, 2015·Frontiers in Psychology·Bastian ZwisslerJohanna M Kissler
Jul 25, 2015·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Isabel OrenesCarlos Santamaría
Jun 30, 2015·Brain Research·Heather J Ferguson, James E Cane
Apr 29, 2015·Language, Cognition and Neuroscience·Ming Xiang, Gina Kuperberg
Feb 6, 2013·NeuroImage·Eugenia KulakovaJosef Perner
Aug 15, 2014·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Eugenia KulakovaDietmar Roehm
May 11, 2016·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Eugenia Kulakova, Mante S Nieuwland
Jun 23, 2020·PloS One·Hipólito MarreroDavid Beltrán
Dec 24, 2018·Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research·Jo BlackHeather Ferguson
Apr 16, 2020·Cognitive Science·Orlando Espino, Ruth M J Byrne
Feb 10, 2020·Journal of Psycholinguistic Research·Matteo GrecoAndrea Moro
Mar 23, 2019·Cognitive Science·Sara FarshchiCarita Paradis
Oct 27, 2018·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Erinn K WalshEdward J O'Brien
Aug 21, 2021·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Isabel OrenesRuth Mj Byrne

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