Facial transplantation: historical developments and future directions

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
G L GarrettA D'souza

Abstract

To present the clinical outcomes obtained by the first facial transplant teams worldwide, reviewing current practice and addressing controversies. A bibliographic search of Medline and Embase databases was performed, and a comparative analysis of all articles published from 1980 to the present was conducted. Two independent investigators screened the manuscripts in accordance with pre-defined criteria. A total of 12 partial and 5 full facial transplants were recorded in the literature. Procedures included partial and near-total facial myocutaneous flaps, and complex osteomyocutaneous grafts. Fifteen patients had fully vascularised grafts, and two patients died of transplant-related and infectious complications. Facial transplantation can restore quality of life and enable the social re-integration of recipients. Results published by the first facial transplant teams are promising. However, long-term reports of aesthetic and functional outcomes are needed to more precisely define outcomes. In addition, significant technical, medical and ethical issues remain to be solved.

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Citations

Feb 9, 2018·Transplant International : Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation·Sotirios TasigiorgosBohdan Pomahac
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Nov 28, 2019·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Xiangxia LiuWilliam Hickerson
Jan 15, 2021·Annals of Plastic Surgery·Haiyang SunXiaoyan Tan

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