Facing the Challenges of Neuropeptide Gene Knockouts: Why Do They Not Inhibit Reproduction in Adult Teleost Fish?

Frontiers in Neuroscience
Vance L Trudeau

Abstract

Genetic manipulation of teleost endocrine systems started with transgenic overexpression of pituitary growth hormone. Such strategies enhance growth and reduce fertility, but the fish still breed. Genome editing using transcription activator-like effector nuclease in zebrafish and medaka has established the role of follicle stimulating hormone for gonadal development and luteinizing hormone for ovulation. Attempts to genetically manipulate the hypophysiotropic neuropeptidergic systems have been less successful. Overexpression of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antisense in common carp delays puberty but does not block reproduction. Knockout of Gnrh in zebrafish does not impact either sex, while in medaka this blocks ovulation in females without affecting males. Spawning success is not reduced by knockout of the kisspeptins and receptors, agouti-related protein, agouti signaling peptide or spexin. Hypotheses for the lack of effect of these genome edits are presented. Over evolutionary time, teleosts have lost the median eminence typical of mammals. There is consequently direct innervation of gonadotrophs, with the possibility of independent regulation by >20 neurohormones. Removal of a few may have minimal impact. Neurop...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 16, 2020·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Aslı Guler, İsmail Demir
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Dec 17, 2021·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·Yonathan ZoharMatan Golan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
gene knockdown
genetic modifications
gene knockout
genetic modification

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