Abstract
A series of four phenothiazine dyes, including methylene blue (MB), were previously tested for their ability to photoinactivate viruses in red cell suspensions. One of the dyes, 1,9-dimethyl-3-dimethylamino-7-dimethylaminophenothiazine (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue), exhibited good intracellular and extracellular virucidal activity for several RNA and DNA viruses under conditions that minimally affected red cell properties. In order to understand why the virucidal specificity of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue was greater than other phenothiazines tested, the physical and chemical properties of the dye were compared to three other closely related analogues (MB, 1,9-dimethyl-3-diethylamino-7-dibutylaminophenothiazine [compound 4-140], 1,9-dimethyl-3-dimethylamino-7-diethylaminophenothiazine [compound 6-136]). All compounds required light and oxygen for virucidal activity and had relatively high singlet oxygen yields (> 0.5), but 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue had a singlet oxygen yield approximately 50% greater than that of MB. In addition, the hydrophobicity/hydophilicity of the compounds varied, with the partition coefficients (2-octanol : water) ranging from 0.11 for MB to 3560 for compound 4-140. The dyes had the following affinities f...Continue Reading
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