Factors associated with being asked to initiate someone into injection drug use

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Ricky N BluthenthalAlex H Kral

Abstract

Injection drug use initiation typically involves an established person who injects drugs (PWID) helping the injection-naïve person to inject. Prior to initiation, PWID may be involved in behaviors that elevate injection initiation risk for non-injectors such as describing how to inject and injecting in front of injection-naïve people. In this analysis, we examine whether PWID who engage in either of these behaviors are more likely to be asked to initiate someone into drug injection. Interviews with PWID (N = 602) were conducted in California between 2011 and 2013. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with being asked to initiate someone. The sample was diverse in terms of age, race/ethnicity, and drug use patterns. Seventy-one percent of the sample had ever been asked to initiate someone. Being asked to initiate someone was associated with having injected in front of non-injectors (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.80, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.12, 2.91), having described injection to non-injectors (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI = 2.07, 6.36), and doing both (AOR = 9.56; 95% CI = 4.43, 20.65) as compared to doing neither behavior (referent). Being female (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.73) and non-injection...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1990·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·M Stenbacka
Jan 1, 1996·Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics·R W TrijsburgJ Passchier
Sep 8, 2000·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·M C DohertyD Vlahov
Mar 13, 2002·Public Health Reports·C M FullerS A Strathdee
Oct 10, 2002·Infectious Disease Clinics of North America·John R Ebright, Barbara Pieper
Mar 4, 2003·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Elise RoyJean-François Boivin
May 12, 2004·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Kara S RiehmanRicky N Bluthenthal
Dec 4, 2004·AIDS·Carmen AceijasUNKNOWN United Nations Reference Group on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care among IDU in Developing and Transitional Countries
Mar 31, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·Crystal M FullerDavid Vlahov
Mar 31, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·Danielle C OmpadSteffanie A Strathdee
Mar 22, 2006·The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·Cari L MillerEvan Wood
Sep 19, 2006·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Stephen E LankenauMichael C Clatts
Apr 25, 2007·Drug and Alcohol Review·Joanne Bryant, Carla Treloar
Jul 7, 2007·The American Journal on Addictions·Lauretta E GrauRobert Heimer
Sep 15, 2007·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Carmen Aceijas, Tim Rhodes
Dec 7, 2007·Harm Reduction Journal·Michelle KermodeNick Crofts
Dec 22, 2007·AIDS and Behavior·Joanne Bryant, Carla Treloar
Jan 15, 2008·Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse·Avelardo ValdezAlice Cepeda
Sep 16, 2008·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Alex HarocoposMichael C Clatts
Sep 27, 2008·Lancet·Bradley M MathersUNKNOWN 2007 Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use
May 2, 2009·Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy·Will SmallThomas Kerr
Oct 16, 2009·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Peter C BrittonKenneth R Conner
Feb 4, 2010·Journal of Community Health·Lloyd A GoldsamtMichael C Clatts
Apr 29, 2010·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Steffanie A Strathdee, Jamila K Stockman
Jun 29, 2010·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Alex H KralH Fisher Raymond
Mar 23, 2011·Journal of Drug Issues·Stephen E LankenauCharles Shin
Jun 15, 2011·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·Cari L MillerUNKNOWN Cedar Project Partnership
Jun 22, 2011·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Stephen E LankenauMeghan Treese
Sep 6, 2011·Journal of Drug Education·Elise RoyJean-François Boivin
Jan 10, 2012·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Mary E Mackesy-AmitiLawrence J Ouellet
Mar 9, 2012·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Janie SimmonsJames M McMahon
Apr 7, 2012·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·B NosykT Kerr
Aug 2, 2012·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Lewis S Nelson, Jeanmarie Perrone

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 15, 2015·The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse·Stephanie R DyalRicky N Bluthenthal
Aug 31, 2016·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Lynn D WengerRicky N Bluthenthal
Sep 28, 2017·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Dan WerbD Des Jarlais
Nov 24, 2017·Drug and Alcohol Review·Claudia RaffulDan Werb
Oct 9, 2019·Substance Use & Misuse·Rebecca Hamilton WhiteSean T Allen
Feb 25, 2018·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Ricky N BluthenthalAlex H Kral
Dec 2, 2020·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Sarah BrothersRicky N Bluthenthal

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.