Factors influencing the spinal motoneurons in development

Neural Regeneration Research
Stefan Wiese

Abstract

The development of the spinal cord needs a concerted interaction of transcription factors activating diverse genes and signals from outside acting on the specification of the different cells. Signals have to act on the segments of the embryo as well as on the cranial-caudal axis and the dorso-ventral axis. Additionally the axons of the motoneurons have to cross the central nervous system barrier to connect to the periphery. Intensive anatomical studies have been followed by molecular characterization of the different subsets of transcription factors that are expressed by cells of the developing spinal cord. Here, intensive studies for the most important appearing cells, the motoneurons, have resulted in a good knowledge on the expression patterns of these proteins. Nonetheless motoneurons are by far not the only important cells and the concert activity of all cells besides them is necessary for the correct function and integrity of motoneurons within the spinal cord. This article will briefly summarize the different aspects on spinal cord development and focuses on the differentiation as well as the functionalization of motoneurons.

References

Oct 10, 1997·Cell and Tissue Research·A Faissner
Oct 1, 1963·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R W SPERRY
Jun 27, 2006·Nature·Andreas Androutsellis-TheotokisRonald D G McKay
Mar 20, 2010·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology·Dario Bonanomi, Samuel L Pfaff
Apr 7, 2010·Annual Review of Neuroscience·Kevin C KanningChristopher E Henderson
Mar 28, 2013·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Anna Vallstedt, Klas Kullander

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
SMA
transgenic

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