Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Journal of Diabetes
Aman RajpalFaramarz Ismail-Beigi

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus. Diabetes (mostly type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) and hyperglycemia are among the major comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 leading to poor outcomes. Reports show that patients with diabetes and COVID-19 are at an increased risk for developing severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. Here we explore potential mechanistic links that could explain the observed higher morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Patients with T2DM have an underlying increased level of inflammation associated with obesity and insulin resistance in addition to other comorbidities including hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and being older. We review evidence that T2DM with hyperglycemia are among factors that lead to elevated expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in lungs and other tissues; ACE2 is the cellular "receptor" and port of viral entry. The preexisting chronic inflammation with augmented inflammatory response to the infection and the increasing viral load leads to extreme systemic im...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1984·The Journal of Surgical Research·R KopolovicC T Cloutier
Oct 30, 1998·Diabetologia·J C Pickup, M A Crook
Aug 3, 2000·The New England Journal of Medicine·R Medzhitov, C Janeway
Jan 30, 2002·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Chad VickersPeter Tummino
Mar 6, 2002·Circulation·Peter LibbyAttilio Maseri
Mar 13, 2002·Circulation·Johann W AuerBernd Eber
Mar 26, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Amanda E I Proudfoot
Jun 7, 2003·Endothelium : Journal of Endothelial Cell Research·Sang-Hyun KimCheol-Ho Kim
Nov 5, 2003·Annals of Internal Medicine·Kin Wing ChoiUNKNOWN Princess Margaret Hospital SARS Study Group
May 25, 2004·Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Métabolisme·F SantilliF Chiarelli
Nov 13, 2004·The Journal of Pathology·A T LelyG J Navis
Dec 8, 2004·Hypertension·Kamal RahmouniAllyn L Mark
Apr 13, 2005·Lancet·Michael StumvollTimon W van Haeften
May 3, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Kathryn E Wellen, Gökhan S Hotamisligil
Sep 21, 2005·Circulation·Frank B Hu, Meir J Stampfer
Oct 21, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Steven M OpalE Wesley Ely
Jun 9, 2006·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·J K YangJ C N Chan
Jul 11, 2006·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Steven E ShoelsonAllison B Goldfine
Jul 25, 2006·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Kelly L SummersBhagirath Singh
May 15, 2007·Gastroenterology·Steven E ShoelsonAfia Naaz
Sep 11, 2007·Infectious Disease Clinics of North America·Smita GuptaNancy Khardori
Nov 6, 2007·Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library·Kei OhnumaChikao Morimoto
Dec 18, 2007·Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM·José Manuel Fernández-Real, John C Pickup
Mar 29, 2008·American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation·Sonoo MizuiriAtsushi Aikawa
Sep 4, 2008·Journal of Periodontology·George L King
Oct 25, 2008·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Sharell M Bindom, Eric Lazartigues
Nov 26, 2008·Chronic Respiratory Disease·A T Murugan, G Sharma
May 6, 2010·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Vasilios KotsisGianfranco Parati
Nov 26, 2010·Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension·Chris TikellisWendy C Burns
Jan 15, 2011·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Marc Y Donath, Steven E Shoelson
Apr 27, 2012·International Journal of Peptides·Chris Tikellis, M C Thomas
Jun 16, 2012·Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Juliana CasqueiroCresio Alves
Sep 6, 2012·Chest·Kathryn HibbertAtul Malhotra
Sep 14, 2012·The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS·Dario PitoccoGiovanni Ghirlanda
Nov 28, 2012·Gerontology·Sylvia Knapp

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 16, 2021·Irish Journal of Medical Science·Arsalan SalariZahra Ahmadnia
Feb 13, 2021·American Journal of Health Promotion : AJHP·Bashir Bello, Ushotanefe Useh
Jan 30, 2021·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Manisha GoyalBrian West
Oct 27, 2020·Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders·Justine SciberrasSarah Cuschieri
Feb 19, 2021·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Alaa Abd-AlrazaqZubair Shah
Apr 16, 2021·Frontiers in Medicine·Felix TretterWolfram Weckwerth
Apr 15, 2021·Primary Care Diabetes·Nalini GovenderThajasvarie Naicker
Mar 1, 2021·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Silke GastineJoseph F Standing
Jun 8, 2021·Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism·Aman RajpalDavid C Aron
Jun 24, 2021·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·David C KlonoffGuillermo E Umpierrez
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine·Hayder M Al-KuraishyGaber El-Saber Batiha
Jul 2, 2021·Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care·Jessica M Downes, Jennifer A Foster
Jun 27, 2021·Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology·Ali A RizviManfredi Rizzo
Sep 5, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·William J MelvinKatherine A Gallagher

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Inflammation

Inflammation plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, an understanding of these endogenous processes is critical for evaluating the risks and potential treatment strategies. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular inflammation here.

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.

Cardiovascular Disorder in Diabetes

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders and heart failure. Discover the latest research here.

CV Disorders & Type 2 Diabetes

This feed focuses on the association of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes.

© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved