Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage associated with RTX toxin producing Actinobacillus equuli subspecies haemolyticus infection in an adult horse

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
Nicola PusterlaBarbara A Byrne

Abstract

A case of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a 6-year-old American Paint mare with a 2-week history of intermittent coughing, fever, and epistaxis is described. Significant macroscopic abnormalities at postmortem examination were restricted to the respiratory system, and microscopically, severe pulmonary hemorrhage with suppurative bronchopneumonia was found. Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus was cultured from a transtracheal wash performed antemortem as well as from the lungs at necropsy. The presence of airway-associated hemorrhage in conjunction with bacterial bronchopneumonia suggested endothelial damage caused by a locally elaborated bacterial toxin, possibly produced by the A. equuli strain isolated from the lungs. The objective of this report was to indirectly document the presence of hemolysin repeat in structural toxin (RTX) in the lungs of the reported mare. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the recently described aqx gene of A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus was established and validated. Transcriptional activity of the aqx gene was used as a surrogate method to document toxin production. Real-time PCR analysis of the transtracheal fluid and lung tissue of the affected mare confirmed the pres...Continue Reading

References

May 27, 1972·The Veterinary Record·J R Baker
Oct 16, 2001·Australian Veterinary Journal·S MatthewsD R Hodgson
Mar 7, 2002·Microbes and Infection·Janine T BosséPaul R Langford
Oct 26, 2002·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·Joachim Frey, Peter Kuhnert

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Citations

Jan 30, 2009·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·J BryanV Duggan
Dec 3, 2014·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Benjamin Adu-AddaiThomas P Mullaney
Oct 24, 2015·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·K E EstellM Aleman
Jul 24, 2015·Standards in Genomic Sciences·Barbara F HuangJanet I MacInnes
May 28, 2019·BMC Veterinary Research·Mathilde S VareggArtur Niedzwiedz
Jul 12, 2019·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Eri Uchida-FujiiToshio Nukada

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AF381185

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

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