Fate and nature of the onychophoran mouth-anus furrow and its contribution to the blastopore

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Ralf JanssenGraham E Budd

Abstract

The ancestral states of bilaterian development, and which living groups have conserved them the most, has been a controversial topic in biology for well over a hundred years. In recent years, the idea that gastrulation primitively proceeded via the formation of a slit-like blastopore that then evolved into either protostomy or deuterostomy has gained renewed attention and some molecular developmental support. One of the key pieces of evidence for this 'amphistomy' theory comes from the onychophorans, which form a clear ventral groove during gastrulation. The interpretation of this structure has, however, proved problematic. Based on expression patterns of forkhead (fkh), caudal (cad), brachyury (bra) and wingless (wg/Wnt1), we show that this groove does not correspond to the blastopore, even though both the mouth and anus later develop from it. Rather, the posterior pit appears to be the blastopore; the posterior of the groove later fuses with it to form the definitive anus. Onychophoran development therefore represents a case of 'concealed' deuterostomy. The new data from the onychophorans thus remove one of the key pieces of evidence for the amphistomy theory. Rather, in line with other recent results, it suggests that ancest...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 7, 2015·Current Biology : CB·Maximilian J TelfordHervé Philippe
Mar 5, 2016·Development Genes and Evolution·Ralf Janssen, Graham E Budd
Jul 3, 2015·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Hans Meinhardt
Oct 12, 2016·Arthropod Structure & Development·Ralf Janssen
Apr 23, 2017·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Natália Martins FeitosaRodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
Feb 6, 2018·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Dian-Han Kuo, Yu-Hsiang Hsiao
Aug 24, 2018·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Claus NielsenDetlev Arendt

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