Fate of sulfamethoxazole, its main metabolite N-ac-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin in agricultural soils amended or not by organic waste products

Chemosphere
Aurore AndriamalalaPhilippe Cambier

Abstract

Spreading organic waste products (OWP) issued from sewage sludge or manures into soil may disseminate antibiotics with unknown risks for human health and environment. Our objectives were to compare the fate of two sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its metabolite N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (N-ac-SMX), and one fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in an unamended soil, and two soils regularly amended since 1998 with a sewage sludge and green waste compost and with farmyard manure respectively. Incubations of soil spiked with 14C labelled SMX or N-ac-SMX (0.02 mg kg-1) or CIP (0.15 mg kg-1) allowed a quantification of radiolabeled molecules in the mineralized, easily, hardly and non-extractable fractions after 3 and 156 days. Nature of 14C molecules was also analyzed by HPLC in extractable fractions after 3 and 156 days. SMX and N-ac-SMX dissipation was fast and due to i) mineralization (∼10% of recovered 14C after 156 days) or incomplete degradation (production of metabolites), ii) adsorption, even if both sulfonamides present low Kd (<3 L kg-1) and iii) formation of non-extractable residues (NER), representing more than 50% of recovered radioactivity. N-ac-SMX was more mineralized than SMX, and formed more progressively NE...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 23, 2019·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Kari Fitzmorris Brisolara, John Bourgeois
Jul 25, 2019·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Marina RuschGerd Hamscher
Apr 10, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Marina Yasbek ReiaJussara Borges Regitano

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