Fear paradigms: The times they are a-changin'

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
Jeansok J Kim, Min Whan Jung

Abstract

Fear is considered an integral part of the brain's defensive mechanism that evolved to protect animals and humans from predation and other ecological threats. Hence, it is logical to study fear from the perspective of antipredator-survival behaviors and circuits by sampling a range of threatening situations that organisms are likely to encounter in the wild. In the past several decades, however, mainstream fear research has focused on the importance of associative learning; that is, how animals become frightened of innocuous cues as consequences of their contingent pairing with aversive events. While significant discoveries have been made, contemporary fear models derived from learning studies are likely to provide only a partial picture of the brain's fear system because they cannot simulate the dynamic range of risky situations in nature that require various adaptive actions and decisions. This review considers two different approaches to study fear, grounded on behaviorism and ethology and examines their contributions in revealing the naturalistic workings of fear in guiding and shaping behavior as animals make real-world choices.

Citations

Jul 11, 2019·Scientific Reports·Matthew R Baker, Ryan Y Wong
Nov 24, 2019·Scientific Reports·Jörgen RosénFredrik Åhs
Dec 12, 2018·Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·Anne S BerryMing Hsu
May 28, 2019·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Francisco Almeida
Jun 17, 2020·Learning & Memory·Lindsay C LaughlinChristopher K Cain
Nov 27, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Melis Yilmaz BalbanAndrew D Huberman
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Bryan P SchuesslerJeansok J Kim
Oct 17, 2020·Learning & Memory·Vinn D CampeseJoseph E LeDoux
Dec 28, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·A David RedishAnna Zilverstand

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