Fecal microbial transplantation and a high fiber diet attenuates emphysema development by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
Yoon Ok JangSei Won Lee

Abstract

Recent work has suggested a microbial dysbiosis association between the lung and gut in respiratory diseases. Here, we demonstrated that gut microbiome modulation attenuated emphysema development. To modulate the gut microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and diet modification were adopted in mice exposed to smoking and poly I:C for the emphysema model. We analyzed the severity of emphysema by the mean linear intercept (MLI) and apoptosis by the fluorescent TUNEL assay. Microbiome analysis was also performed in feces and fecal extracellular vesicles (EVs). The MLI was significantly increased with smoking exposure. FMT or a high-fiber diet (HFD) attenuated the increase. Weight loss, combined with smoking exposure, was not noted in mice with FMT. HFD significantly decreased macrophages and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, IL-6 and IFN-γ were decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. The TUNEL score was significantly lower in mice with FMT or HFD, suggesting decreased cell apoptosis. In the microbiome analysis, Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are alleged to metabolize fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased at the family level with FMT and HFD. FMT and HFD...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 13, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Venkata Sita Rama Raju AllamKamal Dua

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
PCR
bronchoalveolar
lavage

Software Mentioned

SDS
FlowJo
QIIME
SPSS
ABSciex
cutadapt
UCLUST
CASPER
Analyst
VSEARCH

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Bacteriotherapy

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis