Feeding cessation alters host morphology and bacterial communities in the ascidian Pseudodistoma crucigaster

Frontiers in Zoology
Susanna López-LegentilPatrick M Erwin

Abstract

Ascidians can associate with abundant and diverse consortia of microbial symbionts, yet these communities remain unexamined for the majority of host ascidians and little is known about host-symbiont interactions. We coupled electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing to investigate the bacterial communities associated with the colonial ascidian Pseudodistoma crucigaster, a species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea that has a life cycle with two phases: actively-filtering (active) and non-filtering (resting) forms. Resting colonies exhibited a reduced branchial sac (feeding apparatus) and a thickened cuticle. Electron microscope images also suggested higher abundance of colonizing microorganisms on surfaces of resting colonies. Accordingly, bacterial sequences associated with environmental sources (sediment and biofilms, >99 % similarity) were detected exclusively in resting colonies. Bacterial communities of P. crucigaster colonies (active and resting) were dominated by 3 core taxa affiliated (>94 % similarity) with previously described symbiotic Alphaproteobacteria in marine invertebrates. Shifts in rare bacteria were detected when ascidians entered the resting phase, including the appearance of strictly anaerobic ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Lars SchreiberAndreas Schramm
Nov 1, 2020·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Millie Goddard-DwyerPatrick M Erwin
Oct 24, 2020·Marine Biotechnology·Annabel LevertClaire Hellio

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
SRA272795

Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
light microscopy
scanning electron microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
PCR
amplicon sequencing

Software Mentioned

Greengenes
mothur
Cytoscape
PERMDISP
BLASTn
PERMANOVA

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