PMID: 8947935Nov 1, 1996Paper

Feeding, drug abuse, and the sensitization of reward by metabolic need

Neurochemical Research
K D Carr

Abstract

The incentive-motivating effects of external stimuli are dependent, in part, upon the internal need state of the organism. The increased rewarding efficacy of food as a function of energy deficit, for example, has obvious adaptive value. The enhancement of food reward extends, however, to drugs of abuse and electrical brain stimulation, probably due to a shared neural substrate. Research reviewed in this paper uses lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation to probe the sensitivity of the brain reward system and investigate mechanisms through which metabolic need, induced by chronic food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes, sensitizes this system. Results indicate that sensitivity to rewarding brain stimulation varies inversely with declining body weight. The effect is not mimicked by pharmacological glucoprivation or lipoprivation in ad libitum fed animals; sensitization appears to depend on persistent metabolic need or adipose depletion. While the literature suggests elevated plasma corticosterone as a peripheral trigger of reward sensitization, sensitization was not reversed by meal-induced or pharmacological suppression of plasma corticosterone. Centrally, reward sensitization is mediated by opioid receptors, s...Continue Reading

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