PMID: 9544895Apr 17, 1998Paper

Feeding responses to free-flow formula in term and preterm infants

The Journal of Pediatrics
W SchrankB T Thach

Abstract

Although introducing freely flowing formula into the infant's mouth is a common feeding practice, its effect on feeding behavior is largely unknown. We evaluated the effects of free flow of formula from the nipple on infant feeding activity (sucking, swallowing, ingestion rate) and documented potential adverse behaviors such as cough, restless behavior, drooling, apnea, and bradycardia. We studied 13 preterm and 7 term infants. During a feeding, bottle pressure was adjusted every 2 to 3 minutes to increase or decrease free flow from the nipple. Increase in free flow of formula from the nipple caused rapid increases in suck and swallow frequency in term and preterm infants and increased ingestion rate. The response was reversed by decreasing flow and was repeatable throughout the feeding. Peak suck and swallow rates were highest in term infants. Although drooling increased with increased milk flow, no effect of flow on coughing, restless behavior, or apnea was observed. Free-flow formula is a potent stimulus for feeding activity in both preterm and term infants and is not associated with increased apnea or other adverse behaviors. The ability of the infant to divert excess formula flow by drooling is an efficient airway protecti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2007·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·Suzanne M Thoyre
Feb 9, 2010·Nursing for Women's Health·Donna A Dowling, Laura Tycon
Jul 23, 2008·Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews·Amy L Delaney, Joan C Arvedson
Jan 15, 2013·Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics·June Garber
Mar 5, 2003·Seminars in Neonatology : SN·Erin Sundseth Ross, Joy V Browne
Jun 18, 2005·Neonatal Network : NN·Suzanne M ThoyreKaren F Pridham
Mar 24, 2016·MCN. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing·Britt Frisk PadosW Brant Nix
Mar 2, 2016·Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association·Donna T Geddes, Vanessa S Sakalidis
Jul 27, 2004·Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·Donna A DowlingPulsuk Siripul
Oct 23, 2018·Maternal & Child Nutrition·Alison K Ventura, Alexandra Hernandez
Jul 22, 2018·Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·Britt Frisk PadosPamela Dodrill
Jul 15, 2015·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Britt F PadosW Brant Nix
Nov 9, 2017·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Emily ZimmermanAndrew Gouldstone
Nov 5, 2014·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·S Negin MortazaviFatemeh Hassanipour
Jan 14, 2005·The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing·Jacqueline M McGrath, Ana V Bodea Braescu
Jul 12, 2020·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Emily ZimmermanGeorgia A Malandraki
Apr 30, 2021·Nursing for Women's Health·Britt Frisk Pados

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