Female and male differences in AIDS diagnosis rates among people who inject drugs in large U.S. metro areas from 1993 to 2007

Annals of Epidemiology
Brooke S WestSamuel R Friedman

Abstract

We estimated female and male incident AIDS diagnosis rates (IARs) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) over time to assess whether declines in IARs varied by sex after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) dissemination. We compared IARs and 95% confidence intervals for female and male PWID in 95 of the most populous MSAs. To stabilize estimates, we aggregated data across three-year periods, selecting a period immediately preceding cART (1993-1995) and the most recent after the introduction of cART for which data were available (2005-2007). We assessed disparities by comparing IAR 95% confidence intervals for overlap, female-to-male risk ratios, and disparity change scores. IARs declined an average of 58% for female PWID and 67% for male PWID between the pre-cART and cART periods. Among female PWID, IARs were significantly lower in the later period relative to the pre-cART period in 48% of MSAs. Among male PWID, IARs were significantly lower over time in 86% of MSAs. IARs among female PWID in large U.S. MSAs have declined more slowly than among male PWID. This suggests a need for increased targeting of prevention and treatment programs and for research on MSA level conditions th...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1996·American Journal of Public Health·S D Holmberg
Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Public Health·S Zierler, N Krieger
Apr 20, 2000·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·J E KaplanJ L Jones
Mar 18, 2003·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Thomas P GiordanoFehmida Visnegarwala
Dec 21, 2004·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Kelly A GeboUNKNOWN HIV Research Network
Jun 11, 2005·Science·Thomas C Quinn, Julie Overbaugh
Jul 15, 2005·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Samuel R FriedmanPeter L Flom
Jun 3, 2006·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Rochelle P WalenskyKenneth A Freedberg
Jun 13, 2006·Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health·Lisa R HirschhornPaul D Cleary
Jun 28, 2007·AIDS Patient Care and STDs·David EisenmanWilliam Cunningham
Aug 7, 2007·Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved·Elizabeth Tesh BarashEyasu Teshale
Aug 11, 2007·Maternal and Child Health Journal·Matthew D Bramlett, Stephen J Blumberg
Mar 18, 2008·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Joanne E BradyKarla Gostnell
Aug 15, 2008·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·W D KingG Rust
Oct 7, 2008·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Karen HooverKenneth Keppel
Nov 19, 2008·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Barbara TempalskiSamuel R Friedman
Feb 18, 2009·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Diana C LemlyStephen P Raffanti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.