Fertility decline driven by poverty: the case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Journal of Biosocial Science
Eshetu Gurmu, Ruth Mace

Abstract

Demographic transition theory states that fertility declines in response to development, thus wealth and fertility are negatively correlated. Evolutionary theory, however, suggests a positive relationship between wealth and fertility. Fertility transition as a result of industrialization and economic development started in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western Europe; and it extended to some of the Asian and Latin American countries later on. However, economic crises since the 1980s have been co-incident with fertility decline in sub-Sahara Africa and other developing countries like Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh in the last decade of the 20th century. A very low level of fertility is observed in Addis Ababa (TFR=1.9) where contraceptive prevalence rate is modest and recurrent famine as well as drought have been major causes of economic crisis in the country for more than three consecutive decades, which is surprising given the high rural fertility. Detailed socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 2976 women of reproductive age (i.e. 15-49 years) residing in Addis Ababa were collected during the first quarter of 2003 using an event history calendar and individual women questionnaire. Controlling for the con...Continue Reading

Citations

May 30, 2014·Journal of Biosocial Science·Joyce N Mumah, Douglas Jackson-Smith
Jan 5, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Bret A Beheim
Jan 5, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·David W Lawson, Ruth Mace
Dec 14, 2011·Reproductive Health·Wubegzier Mekonnen, Alemayehu Worku
Apr 30, 2014·Evolution and Human Behavior : Official Journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·James Holland Jones, Rebecca Bliege Bird
May 7, 2009·American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council·Ruth Mace, Heidi Colleran
May 1, 2011·Annals of Anthropological Practice·Kenneth Maes, Selamawit Shifferaw
May 2, 2013·Social Science & Medicine·Kenneth Maes, Ippolytos Kalofonos
May 20, 2008·Science·Martha Campbell, Malcolm Potts
Feb 9, 2008·Science·Ruth Mace

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