Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife
Bruno R FerminoErney P Camargo

Abstract

Trypanosoma terena and Trypanosoma ralphi are known species of the South American crocodilians Caiman crocodilus, Caiman yacare and Melanosuchus niger and are phylogenetically related to the tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma grayi of the African Crocodylus niloticus. These trypanosomes form the Crocodilian clade of the terrestrial clade of the genus Trypanosoma. A PCR-survey for trypanosomes in caiman blood samples and in leeches taken from caimans revealed unknown trypanosome diversity and frequent mixed infections. Phylogenies based on SSU (small subunit) of rRNA and gGAPDH (glycosomal Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene sequences revealed a new trypanosome species clustering with T. terena and T. ralphi in the crocodilian clade and an additional new species nesting in the distant Aquatic clade of trypanosomes, which is herein named Trypanosoma clandestinus n. sp. This new species was found in Caiman yacare, Caiman crocodilus and M. niger from the Pantanal and Amazonian biomes in Brazil. Large numbers of dividing epimastigotes and unique thin and long trypomastigotes were found in the guts of leeches (Haementeria sp.) removed from the mouths of caimans. The trypanosomes recovered from the leeches had sequences identical...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 16, 2016·International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife·Ximena E Bernal, C Miguel Pinto
Nov 1, 2016·The Journal of Parasitology·J Pérez-FloresA Oceguera-Figueroa
Aug 4, 2018·Parasites & Vectors·Viktoria V SpodarevaAlexei Yu Kostygov
Aug 5, 2018·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·Alyssa R BorgesKézia K G Scopel
Jun 10, 2017·Parasites & Vectors·Alexa KauferJoel Barratt
Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Yukiko NakamuraJunya Yamagishi
Mar 16, 2021·Open Biology·Alexei Y KostygovJulius Lukeš
Jun 17, 2021·Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências·Tássio A CoêlhoLincoln L Corrêa

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
JN850907

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

RAxML
PAUP
CLUSTALX
BLAST

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