Fig trees at the northern limit of their range: the distributions of cryptic pollinators indicate multiple glacial refugia

Molecular Ecology
Yan ChenXiao-Yong Chen

Abstract

Climatic oscillations during the last few million years had well-documented effects on the distributions and genomes of temperate plants and animals, but much less is known of their impacts on tropical and subtropical species. In contrast to Europe and North America, ice-sheets did not cover most of China during glacial periods, and the effects of glacial cycles were less dramatic. Fig trees are a predominantly tropical group pollinated by host-specific fig wasps. We employed partial mitochondrial COI (918 bp) and nuclear ITS2 (462 bp) gene sequences to investigate the genetic structure and demographic histories of the wasps that pollinate the subtropical Ficus pumila var. pumila in Southeastern China. Deep genetic divergence in both mitochondrial (7.2-11.6%) and nuclear genes (1.6-2.9%) indicates that three pollinator species are present and that they diverged about 4.72 and 6.00 Myr bp. This predates the Quaternary ice ages, but corresponds with the formation of the Taiwan Strait and uplifting of the Wuyi-Xianxia Mountains. The three pollinators have largely allopatric distribution patterns in China and display different postglacial demographic histories. Wiebesia spp. 1 and 2 occupy, respectively, the northern and southern r...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·John N ThompsonMagne Friberg
Dec 30, 2014·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology·Zhonglai LuoDianxiang Zhang
Aug 1, 2012·Systematic Biology·Astrid CruaudVincent Savolainen
Oct 30, 2016·American Journal of Botany·Jeremy B Yoder, James Leebens-Mack
Jul 25, 2019·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Jordan D SatlerJohn D Nason
Aug 5, 2021·Molecular Ecology·Xin TongXiao-Yong Chen
Oct 10, 2021·Botanical Studies·Hui YuStephen G Compton

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