Firing the sting: chemically induced discharge of cnidae reveals novel proteins and peptides from box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) venom

Toxins
Mahdokht JouiaeiBryan G Fry

Abstract

Cnidarian venom research has lagged behind other toxinological fields due to technical difficulties in recovery of the complex venom from the microscopic nematocysts. Here we report a newly developed rapid, repeatable and cost effective technique of venom preparation, using ethanol to induce nematocyst discharge and to recover venom contents in one step. Our model species was the Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), which has a notable impact on public health. By utilizing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, we examined nematocyst external morphology before and after ethanol treatment and verified nematocyst discharge. Further, to investigate nematocyst content or "venom" recovery, we utilized both top-down and bottom-up transcriptomics-proteomics approaches and compared the proteome profile of this new ethanol recovery based method to a previously reported high activity and recovery protocol, based upon density purified intact cnidae and pressure induced disruption. In addition to recovering previously characterized box jellyfish toxins, including CfTX-A/B and CfTX-1, we recovered putative metalloproteases and novel expression of a small serine protease inhibitor. This study not only reveals a much more...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 23, 2015·Toxins·Mahdokht JouiaeiBryan G Fry
Dec 14, 2012·PloS One·Diane L BrinkmanJason Mulvenna
Oct 28, 2016·Molecular BioSystems·Vera OldratiReto Stöcklin
Oct 28, 2019·Marine Drugs·Louise MerquiolIsabella D'Ambra
Apr 22, 2020·GigaScience·Yunfeng LiZunchun Zhou
Jul 28, 2019·Marine Drugs·Santos Ramírez-CarretoClaudia Rodríguez-Almazán
Feb 23, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Justin ReinickeF David Horgen
Nov 24, 2016·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Cheryl Lewis Ames, Jason Macrander
Oct 11, 2020·Marine Drugs·Isabella D'Ambra, Chiara Lauritano
Feb 14, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·S Amreen NisaRahul Vivek
Jun 18, 2021·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Thais Cavenatti BuenoThalita Rocha

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA273442

Methods Mentioned

BETA
light
scanning electron microscopy
light microscopy
RNA-Seq
Assay

Software Mentioned

InterPro domain Architecture Retrieval
BLAST2GO
Analyst TF
Expasy
ProteinPilot
VTBuilder
BLAST
BLAST2GO Pro
SignalP

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