First evidence of dinosaurian secondary cartilage in the post-hatching skull of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Dinosauria, Ornithischia).

PloS One
Alida M BailleulJ R Horner

Abstract

Bone and calcified cartilage can be fossilized and preserved for hundreds of millions of years. While primary cartilage is fairly well studied in extant and fossilized organisms, nothing is known about secondary cartilage in fossils. In extant birds, secondary cartilage arises after bone formation during embryonic life at articulations, sutures and muscular attachments in order to accommodate mechanical stress. Considering the phylogenetic inclusion of birds within the Dinosauria, we hypothesized a dinosaurian origin for this "avian" tissue. Therefore, histological thin sectioning was used to investigate secondary chondrogenesis in disarticulated craniofacial elements of several post-hatching specimens of the non-avian dinosaur Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Ornithischia, Lambeosaurinae). Secondary cartilage was found on three membrane bones directly involved with masticatory function: (1) as nodules on the dorso-caudal face of a surangular; and (2) on the bucco-caudal face of a maxilla; and (3) between teeth as islets in the alveolar processes of a dentary. Secondary chondrogenesis at these sites is consistent with the locations of secondary cartilage in extant birds and with the induction of the cartilage by different mechanical f...Continue Reading

References

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Oct 28, 2009·PloS One·John R Horner, Mark B Goodwin

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Citations

Feb 19, 2013·PloS One·Alida M BailleulJohn R Horner
Nov 26, 2015·Zoological Letters·Tatsuya Hirasawa, Shigeru Kuratani
Oct 18, 2018·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Ali Nabavizadeh
Nov 20, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alida M BailleulZhonghe Zhou
Aug 17, 2019·EvoDevo·Katherine C Woronowicz, Richard A Schneider
Jul 29, 2016·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Aaron R H LeBlancAlida M Bailleul
Oct 4, 2019·PeerJ·Alida M BailleulMary H Schweitzer

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