First flush in a combined sewer system

Chemosphere
Janet BarcoMichael K Stenstrom

Abstract

Pollutant first flush was examined in an urban catchment with area of 12.7 ha and drained by a combined sewer system located in northern Italy. A total of 23 rainfall-runoff events were monitored and 281 samples were analyzed. The selected quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, settleable solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, lead, and zinc, specific conductivity and hydrocarbons. A subset of representative storms was selected for first flush analysis. The catchment presented a strong first flush for almost all storms and most constituents. The analysis shows that treating the maximum amount of the early part of the runoff is a better strategy than treating a constant flow rate. Best management practices that can treat or store the first runoff are favored in this kind of system for these water quality parameters.

References

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Nov 4, 2006·Water Research·Joo-Hyon KangMichael K Stenstrom

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Citations

Nov 27, 2010·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Berenike MeyerAndreas Krein
Mar 6, 2012·Journal of Environmental Management·Sara TodeschiniCarlo Ciaponi
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Jun 12, 2021·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Wei ZhangWu Che
Nov 16, 2021·Environmental Technology·Jasmine HumphreySean Comber

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