First Report of Cross-Infectivity of Plasmopara halstedii from Marshelder to Sunflower

Plant Disease
T J Gulya

Abstract

In May 1999, marshelder (Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) plants with chlorotic upper leaves and abundant white sporulation on abaxial surfaces were observed in roadside ditches near Fargo, ND. Ovoid to elliptical zoosporangia (20 to 30 μm × 15 to 20 μm) that were borne on sporangiophores 400 to 500 μm long and branched monopodially at right angles were recovered from infected marshelder leaves. Dimensions of the zoosporangia and sporangiophores fall within those reported for Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni (1). Zoosporangia rinsed from marshelder plants were used to inoculate 3-day-old sunflower seedlings. The seedlings were immersed in a suspension of 2 × 104 zoosporangia per ml for 3 h, and planted in a greenhouse maintained at 18 to 24°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Systemic chlorosis, stunting, and sporulation were observed on sunflower plants 12 days after inoculation. Isolates from two individual marshelder plants were inoculated on a standard set of nine sunflower downy mildew differential lines, and were identified as race 3 (virulence pattern 700) and race 4 (virulence pattern 730). The marshelder isolates were evaluated for metalaxyl sensitivity by a soil drench inoculation method. Seed of an oilseed sunflower hybrid ...Continue Reading

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