First Report of Ergot of Bermudagrass Caused by Claviceps cynodontis in Oklahoma

Plant Disease
S M MarekN R Walker

Abstract

During late June and early July of 2005, signs of bermudagrass ergot were reported from numerous northern and eastern counties in Oklahoma. Signs were observed primarily on forage-type bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), as well as bermudagrass turf. During the "honeydew" stage, honeydew was frequently observed exuding from most of the ovaries of infected inflorescences. These signs of ergot have been observed previously on bermudagrass in Oklahoma and Texas (1). Sphacelia-type conidia were abundantly produced during the honeydew stage and were single-celled, hyaline, averaged 14 × 5 μm in size, and were reniform to allantoid in shape. When streaked on water agar, conidia produced terminal holoblastic secondary conidia. Single-spore cultures were isolated from the honeydew of bermudagrasses from Logan and Muskogee counties in Oklahoma and grew slowly as white mycelium on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Koch's postulates were fulfilled for these two isolates by spray inoculating four bermudagrass inflorescences at anthesis with mycelium scraped from a PDA plate and homogenized in water. Control plants' inflorescences were sprayed with a water suspension of a similar amount of sterile PDA as inoculated plants. Plants were pla...Continue Reading

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