First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Calendula officinalis in Italy

Plant Disease
A GaribaldiM L Gullino

Abstract

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (pot marigold or English marigold) is an ornamental species grown in gardens and as potted plants for the production of cut flower. It was also used in ancient Greek, Roman, Arabic, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb as well as a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics. During the summer of 2007, severe outbreaks of a previously unknown powdery mildew were observed on plants in several gardens near Biella (northern Italy). Both surfaces of leaves of infected plants were covered with dense, white mycelia and conidia. As the disease progressed, infected leaves turned yellow and died. Mycelia and conidia also were observed on stems and flower calyxes. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid, born in short chains (four to six conidia per chain), and measured 27.0 to 32.1 (31.4) × 12.9 to 18.4 (18.2) μm. Conidiophores measured 49 to 77.3 (67.2) × 8 to 13.3 (10.8) μm and showed a foot cell measuring 44 to 59 (51.9) × 9.3 to 12.6 (11.3) μm followed by one shorter cell measuring 15.6 to 18.9 (17.6) × 10.4 to 13.6 (12.2) μm. Fibrosin bodies were present. Chasmothecia were spherical, amber colored, with a diameter of 89 to 100 (94.5) μm. Each chasmothecium contained one ascus with eight ascospores. On the...Continue Reading

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