Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Phillip W ClappIlona Jaspers

Abstract

Innate immune cells of the respiratory tract are the first line of defense against pathogenic and environmental insults. Failure of these cells to perform their immune functions leaves the host susceptible to infection and may contribute to impaired resolution of inflammation. While combustible tobacco cigarettes have been shown to suppress respiratory immune cell function, the effects of flavored electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) and individual flavoring agents on respiratory immune cell responses are unknown. We investigated the effects of seven flavored nicotine-free e-liquids on primary human alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. Cells were challenged with a range of e-liquid dilutions and assayed for their functional responses to pathogenic stimuli. End points included phagocytic capacity (neutrophils and macrophages), neutrophil extracellular trap formation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and cell-mediated cytotoxic response (NK cells). E-liquids were then analyzed via mass spectrometry to identify individual flavoring components. Three cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids exhibited dose-dependent broadly immunosuppressive effects. Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to determin...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
bronchoalveolar lavage
pregnancy test
PMA
flow cytometry
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
AMDIS GC / MS Analysis
FEMA

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