Abstract
We established a quantitative flow cytometric method for determination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) susceptibility to acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir, and foscarnet in vitro. Susceptibility was defined in terms of the drug concentration which reduced the number of cells expressing HSV-1 glycoprotein C (gpC) with a fluorescence intensity of > or =10(2) by 50% (IC50). Flow cytometry allowed us to use a high (1.0) as well as a low (0.005) multiplicity of infection, and determination of the IC50 was possible after one or more viral replicative cycles. IC50s were dependent on virus input and on time postinfection. In mixture experiments, 1 to 2% resistant viruses added to a sensitive strain could be detected. The results obtained by flow cytometry showed a good qualitative correlation with those achieved by cytopathic effect inhibitory assay. However, flow cytometry might detect more quantitative differences in drug susceptibility, especially among resistant strains, as confirmed also by determination of intracellular drug phosphorylation. The mean IC50s for ACV-sensitive strains were 0.45 to 1.47 microM, and those for ACV-resistant strains were between 140 and 3,134 microM. Flow cytometric analysis was fast and accurate, aut...Continue Reading
References
Jan 1, 1976·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·C ShipmanJ C Drach
Mar 4, 1977·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·P Collins, D J Bauer
Mar 1, 1990·Journal of Virological Methods·O A Steele-MortimerM J Hasmann
Apr 1, 1990·Journal of Virological Methods·M N PrichardJ C Drach
Feb 2, 1989·The New England Journal of Medicine·K S ErlichC S Crumpacker
Jul 1, 1987·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·M N EllisD W Barry
Jul 1, 1986·Journal of Biological Standardization·M LangloisM Aymard
Jan 1, 1987·Journal of Virology·S R JenningsS S Tevethia
Jun 1, 1987·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·G P RabalaisF E Berkowitz
Jul 1, 1987·Cytometry·K S RosenthalJ L Summers
Nov 1, 1970·Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine·B B Wentworth, L French
Mar 1, 1983·Journal of Virological Methods·B WahrenB Sköldenberg
Sep 1, 1983·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·H Gadler
Nov 1, 1983·Antiviral Research·C McLarenG A Hunter
Apr 1, 1984·Antiviral Research·H GadlerE Sølver
Oct 1, 1994·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·J J McSharry
Jun 1, 1994·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·S SafrinJ Mills
Jan 1, 1994·Antiviral Research·J P KruppenbacherH J Eggers
Sep 1, 1996·Journal of Virology·D MichelT Mertens
Oct 1, 1964·Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine·G PLUMMER, M BENYESH-MELNICK
Citations
Oct 31, 1998·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·G Boivin
May 10, 2001·Microbiology and Immunology·M AmjadM R Karim
Nov 5, 2002·Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology·Christine ChutkowskiJames J McSharry
Aug 17, 2002·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Růzena StránskáRob Schuurman
Nov 17, 2010·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Jocelyne Piret, Guy Boivin
Jan 7, 2017·PloS One·Anna Katharina MaierDiana Lieber
May 11, 2000·Cytometry·C ManichanhH Agut
Feb 26, 2010·Journal of Virology·Qiao MengShannon C Kenney
Oct 27, 2016·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Jocelyne Piret, Guy Boivin
Aug 23, 2019·Chemical Biology & Drug Design·Aamir MehmoodDong-Qing Wei
Oct 24, 2000·Journal of Virology·M WagnerU Koszinowski
Oct 12, 2002·Journal of Medical Virology·Yu-Chun WangSzu-Hao Kung
May 26, 2017·Scientific Reports·Sara CallegaroSara N Richter
Jan 27, 2019·Scientific Reports·Arif AliDong-Qing Wei
Sep 16, 1998·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·J J McSharryC S Crumpacker
Jun 30, 2000·Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology·J J McSharry
Jul 24, 2002·Drug Resistance Updates : Reviews and Commentaries in Antimicrobial and Anticancer Chemotherapy·Christian GilbertGuy Boivin
Jan 13, 2004·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·C Danve-SzatanekC Zandotti
May 23, 1998·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·J M McSharryC Crumpacker
Feb 7, 2001·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·A Alvarez-BarrientosM Sánchez-Pérez