Fluid mixing and the deep biosphere of a fossil Lost City-type hydrothermal system at the Iberia Margin

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Frieder KleinWilliam D Orsi

Abstract

Subseafloor mixing of reduced hydrothermal fluids with seawater is believed to provide the energy and substrates needed to support deep chemolithoautotrophic life in the hydrated oceanic mantle (i.e., serpentinite). However, geosphere-biosphere interactions in serpentinite-hosted subseafloor mixing zones remain poorly constrained. Here we examine fossil microbial communities and fluid mixing processes in the subseafloor of a Cretaceous Lost City-type hydrothermal system at the magma-poor passive Iberia Margin (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 149, Hole 897D). Brucite-calcite mineral assemblages precipitated from mixed fluids ca. 65 m below the Cretaceous paleo-seafloor at temperatures of 31.7 ± 4.3 °C within steep chemical gradients between weathered, carbonate-rich serpentinite breccia and serpentinite. Mixing of oxidized seawater and strongly reducing hydrothermal fluid at moderate temperatures created conditions capable of supporting microbial activity. Dense microbial colonies are fossilized in brucite-calcite veins that are strongly enriched in organic carbon (up to 0.5 wt.% of the total carbon) but depleted in (13)C (δ(13)C(TOC) = -19.4‰). We detected a combination of bacterial diether lipid biomarkers, archaeol, and archaeal t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 15, 2017·Nature Communications·Hector M LamadridRobert J Bodnar
Jan 7, 2020·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Susan Q Lang, William J Brazelton
Jan 7, 2020·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·A S Templeton, E T Ellison
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Apr 12, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Oliver PlümperThomas Zack

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