Fluoride levels in various black tea commodities: measurement and safety evaluation

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
J CaoJian Wei Liu

Abstract

In order to determine the fluoride content of various products of black tea and to make safety evaluations, 37 commodities in the different manufactured forms of tea were assessed by means of ion-selective electrode and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed wide differences in fluoride levels. The fluoride content was found 0.95-1.41 mg/L in black tea sticks, 0.70-2.44 mg/L in black tea granules and 1.15-6.01 mg/L in black tea bags. Of the products tested, the fluoride content was greatest in black tea bags, presumably because black tea bags are made of low cost, and older tea leaves. According to WHO's recommendation, fluoride exposure threshold for children is 2mg of daily intake and for adult, 4 mg. Assuming that children's daily intake of black tea was 800 ml and adult's 1500 ml, 56% of black tea bags should be considered unsafe for children and 44% should be considered unsafe for adults. At average rates of consumption, 24% of the black tea bags could result in an increasing risk of osteofluorosis and fractures (WHO). In the areas with drinking water fluoridation or other fluoride supplements, excessive fluoride exposure can become even more severe with even lower intake tea made from black tea bags. The potential...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 27, 2015·Journal of Epidemiology·Zhipeng FanDianjun Sun
Apr 7, 2009·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Ebru Emekli-AlturfanSerap Akyuz
Mar 2, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Declan T WaughMichael Godfrey
Oct 9, 2014·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Sumeet Ranjan, Shahla Yasmin
May 9, 2009·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Zoran MandinicMomir Carevic
Apr 26, 2013·Toxicology Letters·Aditi JainVibha Rani
May 11, 2016·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Huimei CaiXiaochun Wan
Aug 9, 2016·Journal of Education and Health Promotion·Elahe RezaeeAzizolah Fallah
Sep 11, 2008·Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·Carmen QuintanaLucas Hernández
Jul 18, 2017·Journal of Environmental and Public Health·Declan T WaughWilliam Potter
Jan 13, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jiaojiao ZhuYuhua Wang

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