Focus on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: therapeutic implications

The Diabetes Educator
J E Reusch

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is extremely common and increasing in the United States. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is a combination of increased insulin resistance and inadequate secretion. The main risk factors for diabetes are family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, ethnic background, age, and a history of gestational diabetes. Diet and exercise, the cornerstones of diabetes management, will improve insulin sensitivity and indirectly augment insulin secretion. Until recently, the only pharmacological approaches to diabetes were sulfonylureas and insulin, which either augment insulin secretion or replace insulin, thus acting only on the insulin side of the equation. Recently, a series of new drugs have become available that are capable of decreasing hepatic glucose output (metformin), slowing postprandial glucose absorption (acarbose), and improving peripheral insulin sensitivity (troglitazone). With these drugs, either alone or in combination, and behavioral therapies, it is now feasible to achieve good to outstanding glycemic control in most individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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Citations

Mar 18, 2003·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Martha C ChapelskyMartin I Freed
Sep 18, 2018·Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·Nafez Abu TarboushIssa N Jeris

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