Folate Deficiency Inhibits Development of the Mammary Gland and its Associated Lymphatics in FVB Mice
Abstract
Folate is essential for DNA synthesis, DNA repair, cell proliferation, development, and morphogenesis. Folic acid (FA) is a nutritional supplement used to fortify human diets. We investigated the effects of dietary FA on early mammary gland (MG) development and hyperplasia. Study 1: nulliparous female FVB wild-type (WT) mice were fed control (Con; 2 mg FA/kg), deficient (Def; 0 mg FA/kg), excess (Ex; 5 mg FA/kg), or super excess (S-Ex; 20 mg FA/kg) diets for 8 wk before mating to WT or heterozygous FVB/N-Tg[mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV)-polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyVT)]634Mul/J (MMTV-PyMT+/-) transgenic males. Dams were fed these diets until they weaned WT or MMTV-PyMT+/- pups, which were fed the dam's diet from postnatal day (PND) 21 to 42. Tissues were collected from female progeny at PNDs 1, 21, and 42. Study 2: Con or Def diets were fed to WT intact females and males from PND 21 to 56, or to ovariectomized females from PND 21 to 77; tissues were collected at PND 56 or 77. Growth of all offspring, development of MGs, MG hyperplasia, supramammary lymph nodes, thymus and spleen, cell proliferation, and expression of MG growth factors were measured. Study 1: Ex or S-Ex did not affect postnatal MG dev...Continue Reading
References
Alterations in nucleotide pools in rats fed diets deficient in choline, methionine and/or folic acid
Effect of maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation on mammary tumor risk in the offspring
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