Folic acid and its photoproducts, 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, as generators of reactive oxygen species in skin cells during UVA exposure

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology
Asta JuzenieneMarina Juraleviciute

Abstract

Folic acid (FA) is the synthetic form of folate (vitamin B9), present in supplements and fortified foods. During ultraviolet (UV) radiation FA is degraded to 6-formylpterin (FPT) and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (PCA) which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may be phototoxic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the production of ROS and phototoxicity of FA, FPT and PCA in skin cells during UVA exposure. The production of ROS and phototoxicity of FA, FPT and PCA were studied in the immortal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and malignant skin cells (A431 and WM115) during UVA exposure. Increased ROS production and the photoinactivation of cells in vitro were observed during UVA exposure in the presence of FA, FPT and PCA. HPLC analysis revealed that 10 μM FA photodegradation was around 2.1 and 5.8-fold faster than that of 5 μM and 1 μM FA. Photodegradation of FA is concentration dependent, and even non-phototoxic doses of FA and its photoproducts, FPT and PCA, generate high levels of ROS in vitro. FA, FPT and PCA are phototoxic in vitro. The photodegradation of topical or unmetabolized FA during UV exposure via sunlight, sunbeds or phototherapy may lead to ROS production, to the cutaneous folate deficiency, skin photo...Continue Reading

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