Force production during the sustained phase of Rugby scrums: a systematic literature review

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Eric Martin, George Beckham

Abstract

Since World Rugby changed the laws regarding scrums in the 2013-2014 season, the sustained push phase of the scrum has increased in tactical importance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic literature review was to examine the biomechanical demands during the sustained push phase of individual, unit, and full pack scrummaging. Pubmed, EBSCO (specifically and simultaneously searching Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus), and Google Scholar were searched for any research that presented force production in a live or simulated rugby scrum. Study quality was appraised using the National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Recorded scrum forces, positioning of players including joint angles, and testing procedures were extracted and narratively synthesized. Twenty six studies were included in the review. 50% of included studies were rated good, 31% fair, and 19% poor. Major limitations included not reporting any effect size, statistical power, or reliability. Reported group mean values for average sustained forces against a machine generally ranged from 1000 to 2000 N in individual scrums and 4000-8000 N for full packs of male rugby players older than h...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·Journal of Sports Sciences·P D Milburn
May 29, 2000·Journal of Sports Sciences·K L Quarrie, B D Wilson
Jan 10, 2002·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·André Luiz Felix RodackiSimon J Bennett
Feb 23, 2007·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Wen-Lan WuLan-Yuen Guo
Jun 14, 2008·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Tim J Gabbett
Nov 23, 2011·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Christos K ArgusJustin W L Keogh
Feb 1, 2013·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·E PreatoniG Trewartha
Apr 23, 2013·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Daniel J SmartNicholas D Gill
Aug 16, 2013·Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering·D SalettiS Laporte
Jan 9, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Grant TrewarthaKeith A Stokes
Feb 20, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Sharief HendricksWayne Viljoen
May 24, 2014·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Paul Comfort, Stephen J Pearson
Nov 27, 2015·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·E PreatoniG Trewartha
Jan 23, 2016·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·B Morel, C A Hautier
Aug 31, 2016·European Journal of Sport Science·Mathieu LacomeChris Carling
Jul 5, 2017·European Journal of Sport Science·Andrew GreenWarrick McKinon
Dec 29, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Edward J BradleyDavid T Archer
May 17, 2018·Sports Biomechanics·Mostafa YaghoubiSarah P Shultz
May 24, 2018·Journal of Sports Sciences·Helen Bayne, Cor-Jacques Kat
May 11, 2017·Sports Medicine International Open·Darryl J CochraneJeremy Hapeta

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology·Eric A Martin, George K Beckham

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
force measurement

Software Mentioned

Google Scholar
Academic Search Premier
EBSCO

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.