Formation of genotoxic nitro-PAH compounds in fish exposed to ambient nitrite and PAH

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
M S ShailajaSolimabi Wahidulla

Abstract

Mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been known to arise in the environment through direct emissions from combustion sources and nitration of PAHs, primarily in the atmosphere. Here, we report the formation of nitro-PAH compounds in fish contaminated with PAH and exposed to nitrite (NO2-) in the ambient water. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of the bile of the euryhaline fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed simultaneously to field-relevant, sublethal concentrations of phenanthrene (1 microg/g) and NO2- (1 microM) and collision-induced dissociation of selected ions revealed the presence of two strongly genotoxic nitro-PAH metabolites, namely phenanthrene-6-nitro-1,2-dihydrodiol-3,4-epoxide (mass/charge [m/z] 273) and dihydrodihydroxy acetylamino nitrophenanthrene (m/z 359). These two metabolite peaks present only in the bile of fish exposed simultaneously to phenanthrene and NO2- constituted, respectively, about 3.1 and 2.7% of the highest peak among the putative unconjugated phenanthrene metabolites in the mass spectrum. The presence of the oxidized phenanthrene metabolite dihydroxyphenanthrene (m/z 233) in fish exposed to phenanthrene alone as well as phenanthrene plus NO2- ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 3, 2009·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Solimabi Wahidulla, Yeziel Rani Rajamanickam
Apr 24, 2013·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Tilman FloehrHenner Hollert
Apr 26, 2014·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Lei HuangStuart A Batterman
Feb 18, 2014·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Peter Kovacic, Ratnasamy Somanathan
Jun 11, 2014·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Iria Yebra-PimentelJesús Simal-Gándara
Jul 23, 2013·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Sandra RadićGöran Igor Vinko Klobučar
Feb 6, 2017·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Boluwatife AwonaikeFrank Wania
Feb 12, 2017·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Anna C ChlebowskiRobert L Tanguay
Nov 3, 2017·Archives of Toxicology·Mitra C GeierRobert L Tanguay
Jul 18, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Raegan D PlompGregory G Pyle

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