Formation of N-nitrosodiphenylamine and two new N-containing disinfection byproducts from chloramination of water containing diphenylamine

Environmental Science & Technology
Wen-Jun ZhouXing-Fang Li

Abstract

N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) in drinking water. However, it is not known what governs the formation of NDPhA and which precursor(s) in the raw water is responsible for its formation. We report here diphenylamine (DPhA) as a key precursor of NDPhA, and we describe the effect of water pH and chloramination conditions on the formation of NDPhA. To identify precursors of NDPhA, raw water samples were collected from the same drinking water system in which NDPhA was previously detected. Analysis of the raw water samples showed the presence of 1.3 ng/L of DPhA and no detectable NDPhA. Seven hours after the treatment of the raw water with chloramines, the concentration of DPhA decreased to 0.4 ng/L with corresponding formation of NDPhA (0.4 ng/L). Controlled experiments involving chloramination of DPhA in water showed that chloramines were essential to the formation of NDPhA, and that increasing the pH from 4 to 10 resulted in 64-fold enhancement in NDPhA formation. Removal of DPhA and formation of NDPhA was found by mass imbalance, which led to the identification of two new DBPs, phenazine (MW 180 Da) and a chlorinated phenazine derivative (MW 216 Da), using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectro...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1997·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·M KoivusaloT Hakulinen
Mar 7, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·William A Mitch, David L Sedlak
Sep 25, 2003·Chemosphere·Oliver Drzyzga
Oct 19, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Jeffrey W A CharroisSteve E Hrudey
Jun 15, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·I Marie Schreiber, William A Mitch
Oct 21, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·I Marie Schreiber, William A Mitch
Dec 22, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Stuart W KrasnerAlfred D Thruston
Jan 30, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·Yuan-Yuan ZhaoXing-Fang Li
Apr 29, 2008·Analytica Chimica Acta·Jessica M BoydXing-Fang Li
Aug 6, 2008·Environmental Science & Technology·Yuan-Yuan ZhaoXing-Fang Li
May 22, 2009·Analytical Chemistry·Susan D Richardson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 24, 2012·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Klaus FischerChristian Zwiener
Feb 21, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Wanfeng WangMin Yang
Sep 16, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·M HomolkováM Černík
Aug 16, 2012·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Darol E DoddRussell S Thomas
Jun 22, 2013·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Steve E HrudeyMargaret Wilson
Jan 2, 2014·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Claire F McGuigan, Xing-Fang Li
Jan 5, 2011·Journal of Environmental Management·Virender K Sharma
Feb 24, 2018·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Duck Soo LimByung-Mu Lee
Apr 15, 2010·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·Virender K Sharma
Jan 6, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yuanyuan YinXia Wang
Sep 7, 2020·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Anna FishbeinDipak Panigrahy
May 27, 2010·Analytical Chemistry·Susan D Richardson
Apr 26, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Siying TanQiuhong Yuan
Feb 16, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Wei WangXing-Fang Li
Jun 19, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Elizabeth D WagnerMichael J Plewa
Jan 16, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Minghuo WuXing-Fang Li
Dec 20, 2014·Analytical Chemistry·Yichao QianXing-Fang Li
Jun 15, 2011·Analytical Chemistry·Susan D Richardson, Thomas A Ternes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.