Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during the digestion of cod liver oil: comparison of human and porcine in vitro digestion models

Food & Function
Cecilia TullbergIngrid Undeland

Abstract

In this work, we investigated lipid oxidation of cod liver oil during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion using two types of in vitro digestion models. In the first type of model, we used human GI juices, while we used digestive enzymes and bile from porcine origin in the second type of model. Human and porcine models were matched with respect to factors important for lipolysis, using a standardized digestion protocol. The digests were analysed for reactive oxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE) by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS), and for free fatty acids (FFA) obtained during the digestion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation of the oxidation products MDA, HHE, and HNE was low during the gastric digestion, however, it increased during the duodenal digestion. The formation of the oxidation products reached higher levels when digestive juices of human origin were used (60 μM of MDA, 9.8 μM of HHE, and 0.36 μM of HNE) [corrected] compared to when using enzymes and bile of porcine origin (0.96, and 1.6 μM of MDA; 0.16, and 0.23 μM of HHE; 0.026, [corrected] and 0.005 μM of HNE...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2017·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Bárbara Nieva-EchevarríaMaría D Guillén
Mar 1, 2017·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Angelique VandemoorteleBruno De Meulenaer
Apr 16, 2018·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Lyulin HuJiangang Ling
Oct 17, 2018·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Lucía GayosoIciar Astiasarán
Jan 1, 2019·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Bárbara Nieva-EchevarríaMaría D Guillén
Apr 13, 2021·Nutrition Research and Practice·Min Jeong KimHyun Young Kim
May 22, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·M Madalena C SobralIsabel M P L V O Ferreira
Aug 6, 2021·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Zuhaib F BhatHina F Bhat

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