Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. III. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for downslope and level walking

Journal of Neurophysiology
J L SmithT V Trank

Abstract

To gain further insight into the neural mechanisms for different forms of quadrupedal walking, data on postural orientation, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns were assessed for four grades of downslope walking, from 25% (14 degrees slope) to 100% (45 degrees), and compared with data from level and downslope walking at five grades (5-25%) on the treadmill (0.6 m/s). Kinematic data were obtained by digitizing ciné film, and electromyograms (EMGs) synchronized with kinematic records were taken from 13 different hindlimb muscles. At grades from 25 to 75%, cycle periods were similar, but at the steepest grade the cycle was shorter because of a reduced stance phase. Paw-contact sequences at all grades were consistent with lateral-sequence walking, but pace walking often occurred at the steepest grades. The cats crouched at the steeper grades, and crouching was associated with changes in fore- and hindlimb orientation that were consistent with increasing braking forces and decreasing propulsive forces during stance. The average ranges of motion at the hindlimb joints, except at the hip, were often different at the two steepest slopes. During swing, the range of knee- and ankle-joint flexion decreased, and the range and duration ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 1999·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·J L SmithT V Trank
Aug 12, 2000·Journal of Neurophysiology·G M Earhart, A J Bastian
Mar 6, 2002·Journal of Neurophysiology·Sergiy YakovenkoArthur Prochazka
Oct 10, 2019·Journal of Neurophysiology·Manideep G VemulaPavel V Zelenin
Jun 9, 2000·Annual Review of Physiology·K G Pearson
Nov 4, 2004·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·J Maxwell Donelan, Keir G Pearson
Oct 17, 2002·Journal of Applied Physiology·Gary B Gillis, Andrew A Biewener
Nov 21, 2008·Journal of Neurophysiology·J M DonelanK G Pearson
Sep 12, 2015·Journal of Neurophysiology·Brad J FarrellIrina N Beloozerova
Apr 16, 2014·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Aleksandra V Birn-Jeffery, Timothy E Higham
Apr 5, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Chris J DallmannJosef Schmitz
Oct 20, 2018·The Journal of Physiology·Etienne DesrochersAlain Frigon
May 13, 2005·Journal of Neurophysiology·Boris I PrilutskyIrina N Beloozerova
Apr 20, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Jinger S Gottschall, T Richard Nichols
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Feb 15, 2011·Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology·Thomas G HamptonCase G VanDongen
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Jul 13, 2012·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Robert L Nudds, Jonathan R Codd
Feb 25, 2011·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Manning J SabatierArthur W English

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