Formulation and optimization by experimental design of eco-friendly emulsions based on d-limonene

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
Luis María Pérez-MosquedaJosé Muñoz

Abstract

d-Limonene is a natural occurring solvent that can replace more pollutant chemicals in agrochemical formulations. In the present work, a comprehensive study of the influence of dispersed phase mass fraction, ϕ, and of the surfactant/oil ratio, R, on the emulsion stability and droplet size distribution of d-limonene-in-water emulsions stabilized by a non-ionic triblock copolymer surfactant has been carried out. An experimental full factorial design 3(2) was conducted in order to optimize the emulsion formulation. The independent variables, ϕ and R were studied in the range 10-50 wt% and 0.02-0.1, respectively. The emulsions studied were mainly destabilized by both creaming and Ostwald ripening. Therefore, initial droplet size and an overall destabilization parameter, the so-called turbiscan stability index, were used as dependent variables. The optimal formulation, comprising minimum droplet size and maximum stability was achieved at ϕ=50 wt%; R=0.062. Furthermore, the surface response methodology allowed us to obtain the formulation yielding sub-micron emulsions by using a single step rotor/stator homogenizer process instead of most commonly used two-step emulsification methods. In addition, the optimal formulation was further ...Continue Reading

References

Aug 15, 1997·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·A Imhof, D J Pine
Jul 21, 2006·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Julia Maldonado-ValderramaReinhard Miller
Apr 28, 2007·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Nina VankovaThomas Danner
Jun 7, 2008·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Elena V Batrakova, Alexander V Kabanov
Feb 13, 2010·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Miri KleinNissim Garti
Sep 23, 2010·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Julia Maldonado-ValderramaVictor J Morris
Jun 29, 2013·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Luis M Pérez-MosquedaJosé Muñoz
Aug 27, 2013·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Siti Hajar MusaAhmad Fuad Shamsuddin
Nov 26, 2013·Advances in Colloid and Interface Science·Amelia Torcello-GómezJulia Maldonado-Valderrama
Aug 19, 2014·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Luis Alfonso Trujillo-CayadoJosé Muñoz
Dec 3, 2014·Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·Luis María Pérez-MosquedaJosé Muñoz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.