Fortification of flour with folic acid

Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Robert J BerryFolic Acid Working Group

Abstract

After randomized, controlled trials established that consumption of folic acid before pregnancy and during the early weeks of gestation reduces the risk of a neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancy, the United States Public Health Service recommended in 1992 that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 microg folic acid daily. In 1998, folic acid fortification of all enriched cereal grain product flour was fully implemented in the United States and Canada. To provide guidance on national fortification of wheat and maize flours to prevent 50 to 70% of the estimated 300,000 NTD-affected pregnancies worldwide. An expert workgroup reviewed the latest evidence of effectiveness of folic acid flour fortification and the safety of folic acid. Recent estimates show that in the United States and Canada, the additional intake of about 100 to 150 microg/day of folic acid through food fortification has been effective in reducing the prevalence of NTDs at birth and increasing blood folate concentrations in both countries. Most potential adverse effects associated with folic acid are associated with extra supplement use not mandatory fortification. Fortification of wheat flour has a proven record of prevention in other develope...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1975·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J D O'BroinJ M Scott
Aug 23, 1976·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·M MurphyJ M Scott
Dec 24, 1992·The New England Journal of Medicine·A E Czeizel, I Dudás
Apr 1, 1992·Journal of Clinical Pathology·S O'Broin, B Kelleher
Dec 1, 1987·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·H E SauberlichP C Taylor
May 1, 1971·Lancet·A Richens
Jan 6, 1973·Lancet·T W Sheehy
Jun 14, 1980·Lancet·N C Nevin
Dec 6, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·L E DalyJ M Scott
Jun 9, 1994·The New England Journal of Medicine·A E CzeizelI Dudás
Jun 1, 1997·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·P KellyJ M Scott
Sep 18, 1999·Lancet·J M LawrenceM A Umekubo
Aug 17, 2000·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·K L EricksonN E Hubbard
Mar 29, 2001·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·E J KoningsP A van den Brandt
Sep 21, 2001·Lancet·J GindlerUNKNOWN Jiaxing City Collaborative Project on Neural Tube Defect Prevention
Oct 23, 2001·Twin Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·A EricsonA Aberg
Jun 4, 2002·The Journal of Nutrition·Young-In KimSimin Nikbin Meydani
Oct 17, 2002·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Lena GeorgeSven Cnattingius
May 16, 2003·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Gary M ShawDonna M Schaffer
Jun 7, 2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·James L MillsD Robert Dufour
Oct 2, 2003·The Journal of Nutrition·Eva HertrampfChristine Pfeiffer
Nov 25, 2003·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·D K WallerJ F Annegers
Apr 24, 2004·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Joel G RayRobert F Burrows
Sep 28, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Mary P Hannon-FletcherHelene McNulty
Oct 7, 2004·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Andrew E Czeizel, Peter Vargha
Oct 27, 2004·Early Human Development·Bengt Källén
Nov 25, 2004·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Jean M LawrenceDiana B Petitti
Feb 11, 2005·Epidemiology·Stein Emil VollsetAnne Kjersti Daltveit
Mar 12, 2005·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Araceli BusbyUNKNOWN Eurocat Folic Acid Working Group
Apr 2, 2005·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Caroline SignoreAnn C Trumble

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 3, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Petra Verhoef
Jun 7, 2011·Epidemiology·Stephanie M Engel, Julie L Daniels
Jun 2, 2011·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Iêda Maria OrioliEduardo Enrique Castilla
Nov 28, 2012·Women's Health·Anita L Nelson
Apr 5, 2013·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health·Susan M B MortonPolly E Atatoa Carr
Jul 19, 2013·Seminars in Dialysis·Catherine M ClaseRachel M Holden
Dec 18, 2013·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Diego MorettiKlaus Kraemer
Jun 24, 2014·Maternal and Child Health Journal·María de la Paz Barboza-ArgüelloJoseph Mulinare
Nov 11, 2015·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Nisha S WadhwaniSadhana R Joshi
Jun 8, 2017·Genes & Nutrition·Catia Daniela CantarellaSabrina Tosi
Dec 21, 2018·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Ernani B da RosaRafael F M Rosa
Sep 19, 2019·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Manuela A OrjuelaSalvador Villalpando
Nov 7, 2019·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Juan Pablo Peña-RosasJuan Antonio Solon
Nov 30, 2011·Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism·Helmut Heseker
Feb 15, 2012·Advances in Nutrition·Krista S CriderLynn B Bailey
Oct 11, 2013·Public Health Nutrition·Judith ManniënEileen K Hutton
Oct 1, 2013·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Atsuo KondoTomoyuki Watanabe
Apr 16, 2015·Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica·Aoife McKeatingMichael J Turner
Sep 7, 2013·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Anja OsterhuesKarin B Michels
Jul 17, 2015·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Rima ObeidSimon Wieser
Dec 21, 2016·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Peter A MosseyMichele Rubini
Apr 4, 2017·British Journal of Haematology·Hans VerhoefAndrew M Prentice
Feb 17, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Greg S Garrett, Lynn B Bailey
Aug 24, 2013·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Sébastien ThériaultJean-Claude Forest
Mar 8, 2013·Public Health Nutrition·Jorge RosenthalJaime Frias
Oct 10, 2015·The Journal of Nutrition·Lynn B BaileyDaniel J Raiten
Jul 1, 2014·Journal of Global Health·Annie LoSimrita Sidhu
Apr 2, 2015·Nutrients·Valentina Fratoni, Maria Luisa Brandi
Dec 15, 2015·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Luz Maria De-RegilPura Rayco-Solon
Jan 25, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·John Hoddinott
Aug 3, 2018·Birth Defects Research·Vijaya KancherlaGodfrey P Oakley
Oct 23, 2019·Disease Models & Mechanisms·Sonia SudiwalaNicholas D E Greene
Jul 7, 2012·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Usha RamakrishnanReynaldo Martorell
Mar 2, 2013·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Wolfgang Herrmann, Rima Obeid
Apr 1, 2015·Journal of Perinatal Medicine·Rima ObeidBerthold Koletzko
Oct 16, 2013·Cadernos de saúde pública·Dirce Maria Lobo MarchioniRegina Mara Fisberg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.