Fortified Foods Are Major Contributors to Apparent Intakes of Vitamin A and Iodine, but Not Iron, in Diets of Women of Reproductive Age in 4 African Countries

The Journal of Nutrition
Valerie FriesenLynnette Neufeld

Abstract

Food fortification is implemented to increase intakes of specific nutrients in the diet, but contributions of fortified foods to nutrient intakes are rarely quantified. We quantified iron, vitamin A, and iodine intakes from fortified staple foods and condiments among women of reproductive age (WRA). In subnational (Nigeria, South Africa) and national (Tanzania, Uganda) cross-sectional, clustered household surveys, we assessed fortifiable food consumption. We estimated daily nutrient intakes from fortified foods among WRA by multiplying the daily apparent fortifiable food consumption (by adult male equivalent method) by a fortification content for the food. Two fortification contents were used: measured, based on the median amount quantified from individual food samples collected from households; and potential, based on the targeted amount in national fortification standards. Results for both approaches are reported as percentages of the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Fortified foods made modest contributions to measured iron intakes (0%-13% RNI); potential intakes if standards are met were generally higher (0%-65% RNI). Fortified foods contributed substantially to measured vitamin A a...Continue Reading

References

Mar 22, 2006·The Journal of Nutrition·Sue Horton
Mar 5, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Richard Hurrell, Ines Egli
Aug 26, 2011·The Journal of Nutrition·Victor L FulgoniJohanna Dwyer
Mar 16, 2012·International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition·Fabian RohnerChristine Northrop-Clewes
Dec 1, 2012·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Robert Weisell, Marie Claude Dop
Mar 1, 2013·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Fabian RohnerLorenzo Locatelli-Rossi
Sep 12, 2013·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Áine HennessyAlbert Flynn
Dec 18, 2013·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Angela M Leung, Lewis E Braverman
Jan 28, 2014·Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·Louise A BernerJohanna T Dwyer
Feb 5, 2014·International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition·Cécile RenaudSylvie Avallone
Aug 15, 2014·The New England Journal of Medicine·Dariush MozaffarianUNKNOWN Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group
Sep 17, 2015·Global Health, Science and Practice·Corey L LuthringerGreg S Garrett
Feb 27, 2018·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Renata MichaDariush Mozaffarian
Apr 4, 2019·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Olufolakemi AnjorinOlutayo Adeyemi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

R Foundation for
Stata
iCheck Iron
SAS
FACT
iCheck Chroma 3
RStudio

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.