Forty Years of the Description of Brown Spider Venom Phospholipases-D.

Toxins
Luiza Helena GremskiS S Veiga

Abstract

Spiders of the genus Loxosceles, popularly known as Brown spiders, are considered a serious public health issue, especially in regions of hot or temperate climates, such as parts of North and South America. Although the venoms of these arachnids are complex in molecular composition, often containing proteins with distinct biochemical characteristics, the literature has primarily described a family of toxins, the Phospholipases-D (PLDs), which are highly conserved in all Loxosceles species. PLDs trigger most of the major clinical symptoms of loxoscelism i.e., dermonecrosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The key role played by PLDs in the symptomatology of loxoscelism was first described 40 years ago, when researches purified a hemolytic toxin that cleaved sphingomyelin and generated choline, and was referred to as a Sphingomyelinase-D, which was subsequently changed to Phospholipase-D when it was demonstrated that the enzyme also cleaved other cellular phospholipids. In this review, we present the information gleaned over the last 40 years about PLDs from Loxosceles venoms especially with regard to the production and characterization of recombinant isoforms. The history of obtaining these toxins is discus...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 25, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Zelinda Schemczssen-GraeffSilvio Sanches Veiga
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Luiza Helena GremskiSilvio Sanches Veiga
Jul 3, 2021·Toxins·Gihyun Lee
Jul 28, 2021·Toxicology Letters·Larissa Magalhães AlvarengaMarcel Ivan Ramírez
Aug 12, 2021·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Luiza Helena GremskiSilvio Sanches Veiga
Aug 31, 2021·Curēus·Basel AbdelazeemZirka Kalynych
Oct 2, 2021·Journal of Wound Care·Francesca CombiGiovanni Tazzioli
Oct 12, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Nayanne Louise Costacurta PolliLuiza Helena Gremski
Oct 14, 2021·American Journal of Clinical Pathology·Jeremy W JacobsMary Ann Thompson

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
biopsies
PCR

Software Mentioned

Loxosceles PLDs
MudPIT

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