Fossil hominin shoulders support an African ape-like last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Nathan M YoungZeresenay Alemseged

Abstract

Reconstructing the behavioral shifts that drove hominin evolution requires knowledge of the timing, magnitude, and direction of anatomical changes over the past ∼6-7 million years. These reconstructions depend on assumptions regarding the morphotype of the Homo-Pan last common ancestor (LCA). However, there is little consensus for the LCA, with proposed models ranging from African ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like. The ancestral state of the shoulder is of particular interest because it is functionally associated with important behavioral shifts in hominins, such as reduced arboreality, high-speed throwing, and tool use. However, previous morphometric analyses of both living and fossil taxa have yielded contradictory results. Here, we generated a 3D morphospace of ape and human scapular shape to plot evolutionary trajectories, predict ancestral morphologies, and directly test alternative evolutionary hypotheses using the hominin fossil evidence. We show that the most parsimonious model for the evolution of hominin shoulder shape starts with an African ape-like ancestral state. We propose that the shoulder evolved gradually along a single morphocline, achieving modern human-like configuration and function within t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 18, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Nathan M YoungZeresenay Alemseged
Dec 18, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stephanie M Melillo
Feb 11, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sergio Almécija
Feb 11, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Nathan M YoungZeresenay Alemseged
May 15, 2016·Journal of Human Evolution·David J GreenPhilipp Gunz
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Apr 25, 2021·Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science·Benjamin HeslopAntony Drew

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